Unraveling tumor cell‑tumor microenvironment crosstalk through antibody array technologies (Review).

ABSTRACT: The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of tumor cells, stromal cells, infiltrating immune cells and non‑cellular components such as extracellular matrix, blood vessels and a wide variety of secreted proteins. Evidence shows that beyond supporting tumor growth, the TME also promotes tumor cell proliferation and invasion and contributes to treatment resistance, ultimately affecting patient prognosis. Cell‑to‑cell communication within the TME is driven by secreted proteins such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and interferons, which are produced not only by tumor cells but also by various stromal cells and immune cells. These proteins form a complex signaling network that promotes tumor cell proliferation and invasion and enables tumors to evade innate and adaptive immune responses

SUBMITTER: Wang Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12370358 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature