The association between cadmium exposure and lung cancer risk: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, is classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Epidemiological studies suggested a potential link between cadmium exposure and lung cancer risk, but evidence has remained inconsistent, particularly regarding differences between occupational and general populations. This protocol will outline a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the association between cadmium exposure (via blood, urine, hair, or environmental samples) and lung cancer risk. This study protocol will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, and Cochrane databases will identify observational studie

SUBMITTER: Chen L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12373195 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature