Modified criteria for identifying elevated bone mass.

ABSTRACT: This study used modified criteria to exclude osteoporosis and osteopenia from elevated bone mass (EBM) to avoid a diagnostic paradox and demonstrated that diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), severe lumbar degenerative disease (LDD), elevated body mass index (BMI), and diabetes are key risk factors for super EBM (SEBM).

Purpose

The current criteria classify individuals with both EBM and osteopenia/osteoporosis. To avoid this contradiction, we used a modified criterion to exclude osteoporosis or osteopenia from EBM and to examine the clinical impact and risk factors of EBM.

Methods

In this retrospective study, bone mineral density (BMD) data from participants aged 18 years or older collected at a tertiary hospital between 2021 and 2023 were analyzed. Inclusion crit

SUBMITTER: Chen J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12373705 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature