Transgenerational effects of in ovo stimulation with synbiotic and choline on gonadal tissue across three generations.

ABSTRACT: Epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in hereditary processes, shaping phenotypic outcomes across generations. This study investigates the transgenerational impacts of in ovo injection of bioactive substances on gene expression and DNA methylation in the male gonads using the Green-legged Partridgelike chickens as a model organism. Synbiotic PoultryStar® (Biomin; PS) and choline were injected in ovo on the 12th day of egg incubation. In the F1 generation, three groups were established: (1) control (C, 0.9% physiological saline); (2) PS synbiotic (SYN, 2 mg/embryo); and (3) PS synbiotic combined with choline (SYNCH, 2 mg/embryo of synbiotic and 0.25 mg/embryo of choline). In subsequent F2 and F3 generations, groups SYN and SYNCH were further divided into two subgroups each: (A) only inj

SUBMITTER: Ibrahim M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12373746 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature