Pollution indices of brackish water and sediments of major mangrove sites along Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan.

ABSTRACT: Heavy metal (HM) contamination poses a significant environmental threat to Mangrove ecosystems, particularly in industrial and urban-influenced regions. This study has investigated the spatial and seasonal distribution of HM in water and sediment samples from three major mangrove sites along the Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan, Indus Delta, Sandspit and Miani Hor. Ten heavy metals (HM)- aluminum (Al), arsenic (Ar), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) were assessed using multiple pollution indices to evaluate the contamination levels and ecological risks. Multivariate analysis (MANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant effects of sample types (water and sediments), sites, and seasons on HM concent

SUBMITTER: Chan MWH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12374975 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature