Nasal and systemic immune responses correlate with viral shedding after influenza challenge in people with complex preexisting immunity.

ABSTRACT: Each year in the United States, ~50% of adults ≥18 years old are vaccinated against influenza viruses, with protective efficacy averaging 40.5% over the past 20 years. To model annual seasonal influenza, a cohort of 74 adults, who were unscreened for preexisting A/H1N1 immunity and half of whom were recently immunized with licensed QIV (mean of 64 days), were challenged with A/H1N1 influenza virus. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and VDJ repertoire analyses were performed on nasal and peripheral blood samples from participants to identify nasal mucosal and systemic immune responses that correlated with viral shedding and immune correlates of protection. Viral-shedding participants showed increased T cell, but not B cell, VDJ diversity with expansion of low-frequency B cell clones postchallenge,

SUBMITTER: Walters KA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12375958 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature