PCK1 and ALDH1A1 are identified as biomarkers for inherent drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, often diagnosed at advanced stages with limited treatment options. Despite advancements in systemic therapies, including the use of lenvatinib, the survival rate for advanced HCC remains low due to drug resistance and tumor heterogeneity. This study employed single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to investigate intra-tumor heterogeneity and identify subpopulations of malignant cells with inherent drug resistance. Tumor samples were obtained from patients undergoing lenvatinib, and differential analysis was performed to identify biomarkers associated with drug resistance. Analysis revealed significant differences in treatment response between different HCC nodules within the same patient, indicat

SUBMITTER: Chen W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12381348 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature