Emerging Strategies for Targeting Angiogenesis and the Tumor Microenvironment in Gastrointestinal Malignancies: A Comprehensive Review.

ABSTRACT: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers represent a significant global health burden, with high morbidity and mortality often linked to late-stage detection and metastatic disease. The progression of these malignancies is critically driven by angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, and the surrounding dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME), a complex ecosystem comprising various cell types and non-cellular components. This comprehensive review, based on a systematic search of the PubMed database, synthesizes the existing literature to define the intertwined roles of angiogenesis and the TME in GI tumorigenesis. The TME's influence creates conditions favorable for tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, but sometimes induces resistance to current therapies. Available therapeutic strategies fo

SUBMITTER: Nghiem E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12389621 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature