Opposite Interactive Effects of Heat Wave and Cold Spell with Fine Particulate Matter on Pneumonia Mortality.

ABSTRACT: Exposure to extreme temperature events (ETEs) and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to an increased risk of pneumonia mortality, but their interactive effects remain largely unknown. We investigated 50,196 pneumonia deaths from 2015 to 2022 in Jiangsu province, China, with a time-stratified case-crossover design. An individual-level exposure to heat wave, cold spell, and PM2.5 was assessed at each subject's residential address using validated grid datasets. Conditional logistic regression models integrated with a distributed lag nonlinear model were used to quantitatively estimate both independent and interactive effects. With different ETE definitions, the cumulative odds ratio (OR) of pneumonia mortality associated with heat wave and cold spell ranged from 1.22 (95%

SUBMITTER: Zheng Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12390074 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature