An All-in-One Sustainable Smartphone Paper Biosensor for Water Toxicity Monitoring Combining Bioluminescence Detection with Artificial Intelligence.

ABSTRACT: Several biosensors for water toxicity monitoring have been reported in the literature; however, none of them fully integrate both analytical and post-analytical steps that are required in a standard laboratory setting before reporting the result. To provide a workflow for smartphone biosensor developers, we implemented a novel procedure that was applied to the standard toxicity assay based on the bioluminescent bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri. We addressed the main issues to turn this method into a sustainable all-in-one toxicity paper biosensor, i.e., the immobilization of bacteria, the integration of a calibration curve, and a customized artificial intelligence (AI) application that converts the smartphone picture into user-friendly quantitative information. The biosensor analytical

SUBMITTER: Nazir F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12392259 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature