Evidence for an indigenous female mouse urobiome.

ABSTRACT: Mice have been used as a valuable model of understanding pathophysiological mechanisms of urinary tract infection for almost six decades. Mice offer many advantages including genetic manipulation to test the role of genes and mechanisms, the availability of germ-free mice, and similarities to humans in innate immune defenses and the strain-dependent presence of vesicoureteral reflux. However, like with humans, the mouse bladder urine above the urinary sphincter has generally been assumed to be sterile. Yet, given the presence of urobiomes in other mammals and the emerging role of the human urobiome in the defense of the urinary bladder and upper urinary tract, the existence of a mouse urobiome should be critically examined as indigenous microbiota may influence experimental results. To det

SUBMITTER: Sohail S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12393537 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature