Evolving therapeutic strategies in glioblastoma: traditional approaches and novel interventions.

ABSTRACT: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and is characterized by rapid growth, diffuse infiltration, and resistance to conventional therapies. This review explores pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic advancements of GBM. GBM is highly heterogeneous and can be classified into molecular subtypes based on genetic and epigenetic alterations, influencing patient prognosis and treatment response. Despite advances in surgical techniques, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, survival remains limited, with a median of 15-18 months. Emerging therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy, tumor treatment, oncolytic virotherapy, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery, are under investigation to increase treatment efficacy. Immunotherapy, particularly chec

SUBMITTER: Shetty C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12394108 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature