Joint associations of long-term exposure to fine particulate constituents and muscle strength with cardiovascular diseases: a nationwide cohort study in China.

ABSTRACT: Research has indicated that PM_2.5 exposure and low muscle strength may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, inconsistent findings existed on PM_2.5 constituents and CVDs, and little is known about the interplay between PM_2.5 constituents and muscle strength. This study aimed to examine the associations of PM_2.5 and its components with the incidence of CVDs and to further investigate the joint effects of pollutants and muscle strength on CVDs in a nationwide cohort from 2011-2018. PM_2.5 and five constituents, including black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO₄ ^2-), nitrate (NO₃ ^-), and ammonium (NH₄ ⁺), were obtained from established spa

SUBMITTER: Sun G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12397816 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature