Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in thyroid eye disease: evidence from bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Oxidative stress is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of the autoimmune condition thyroid eye disease (TED). However, its precise molecular mechanisms and reliable biomarkers remain unclear. Bioinformatics enables the identification of differentially expressed genes through transcriptomic analysis. However, distinguishing truly relevant findings from false discoveries remains challenging. Immunohistochemistry helps address this limitation by validating protein expression levels, revealing local immune responses, and linking microscopic tissue changes to clinical manifestations.

Methods

Oxidative stress-related differentially expressed genes (OS-DEGs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were pe

SUBMITTER: Hai Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12400331 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature