Serum copper modulates cognitive function in diabetic patients via an HDL-C-mediated pathway: identification of a 25 µg/dL exploratory threshold.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD), a prevalent complication of diabetes with learning, memory, and executive function impairments, lacks targeted therapeutic options. While trace elements, oxidative stress, and inflammation are linked to DACD, the role of serum copper and its interaction with inflammatory/oxidative biomarkers in cognitive regulation remains unclear in diabetic populations.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014, including 1,149 participants (861 non-diabetic, 288 diabetic). Cognitive function was assessed via the Animal Fluency Test (AFT) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Serum copper levels were measured, alongside inflammatory indices:

SUBMITTER: Zhou J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12400726 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature