Effect of the gut microbiota-blood metabolite axis on anti-influenza IgG levels after vaccination: A Mendelian randomization study.

ABSTRACT: While antibody responses to influenza viruses have been extensively studied, the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines remains highly variable among individuals. Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota (GM) and associated metabolites play a critical yet understudied role in shaping host immunity, including responses to vaccines. However, the mechanistic pathways linking microbial communities, blood metabolites, and influenza vaccine-induced antibody production remain poorly understood. This study investigates the GM-blood metabolite-antibody level axis to identify potential modulators of vaccine immunogenicity. In this study, 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) were conducted to identify causality. We performed 2-sample MR using genome-wide association study data from MiBioGen (

SUBMITTER: Zhang D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12401250 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature