Sustainable biodiesel production from cottonseed oil using a nickel-doped eggshell heterogeneous catalyst optimized via response surface methodology.

ABSTRACT: This study presents a sustainable and low-cost approach to biodiesel production using non-edible cottonseed oil and a novel nickel-doped chicken eggshell-derived catalyst. The catalyst was synthesized via nickel impregnation followed by calcination at 900 °C to facilitate the decomposition of CaCO₃ into catalytically active CaO and promote nickel oxide formation for enhanced surface reactivity. Process optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) resulted in a maximum fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 98.01% under optimal conditions. These included a reaction temperature of 62 °C, a 12:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 4 wt% catalyst loading, and 117 min reaction time. This performance surpassed the 96.3% yield obtained using undoped CaO. Characterization revealed high crystall

SUBMITTER: Yeneneh K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12402186 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature