Quantifying Phenology in the Deciduous Tree and Phytophagous Insect System: A Methodological Comparison.

ABSTRACT: The extent to which phenological synchrony between trophic levels may be disrupted by environmental change has been a topic of increased focus in recent years. Phenological associations between deciduous trees, phytophagous insects, and their consumers (e.g., passerine birds) have become one of the model systems for understanding this process. However, most existing research reports population-level associations rather than examining the smaller spatial scales at which these trophic interactions occur. Furthermore, a variety of methods have been used to measure phenology, particularly on producers and primary consumers, with little formal comparison. To investigate how different methods of measuring producer and primary consumer phenology influence our understanding of these biological rel

SUBMITTER: Morley LM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12403115 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature