Usefulness of biofeedback as a potentially educational treatment of temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of biofeedback (BF) as a potential educational treatment for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) through a systematic review and a network meta-analysis.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted across five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) to identify clinical trials using BF as a therapeutic intervention in patients diagnosed with TMD according to RDC/TMD or DC/TMD criteria. A frequentist fixed-effects network meta-analysis was performed with robust variance estimation to account for within-study correlations in the repeated measures. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using an autoregressive lag-1 (AR1) model at correlation levels ranging from 0 to 0.8. Model fit was assessed using li

SUBMITTER: Gonzalez-Gonzalez AM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12403272 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature