Adverse events during pregnancy, circulating metabolites, and congenital malformations: a Mendelian randomization study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Adverse events during pregnancy are implicated in increasing the risk of congenital malformations in offspring. Current research does not fully encompass the spectrum of adverse events nor the mechanisms by which they affect fetal development.

Methods

A two-sample and two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to assess the association between adverse events during pregnancy and congenital malformations in offspring, and to investigate the mediating role of circulating metabolites in linking these adverse events to congenital malformations.

Results

Maternal bleeding during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of congenital ichthyosis and a decreased risk of congenital hydrocephalus. Anemia during pregnancy showed a significant corr

SUBMITTER: Cheng J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12403474 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature