Triptolide Attenuates Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification via Modulation of Inflammatory and Differentiation Pathways: Implications for Biochemical Toxicology.

ABSTRACT: Traumatic heterotopic ossification (THO) is a pathological process characterized by ectopic bone formation in soft tissues following trauma or surgical interventions, leading to pain, swelling, and restricted mobility. Current therapeutic strategies remain limited, with surgical excision often associated with recurrence and complications. Triptolide (TP), a diterpenoid triepoxide derived from Tripterygium wilfordii, has potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, making it a promising candidate for THO treatment. This study explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of TP in THO, focusing on its effects on inflammatory and differentiation pathways. Using in vitro models with mouse tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) and RAW264.7 macrophages, as well

SUBMITTER: Li ZH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12403499 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature