Spatial distribution and determinants of health care access barriers among female Pakistan youths: spatial and multilevel regression analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Ensuring universal access to high-quality healthcare services including services free from financial barriers, is a global priority. However, accessing healthcare services remains challenging for youth in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Pakistan. This study investigates the spatial distribution and determinants of healthcare access barriers among female youths in Pakistan.

Methods

We used the 2017/18 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) dataset, including 2,924 female youth aged 15-24, to examine healthcare access barriers. These barriers were considered as an outcome variable and were regarded where a respondent reported encountering any of the following impediments to accessing healthcare services during illness: (i) difficulty obt

SUBMITTER: Belay DG 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12403528 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature