Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Streptococcus thermophilus 065 and Their Potential to Modulate the Immune Response.

ABSTRACT: Bacteria can release membrane-derived nanoparticles made of lipid bilayers, so-called extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can carry diverse cargo and are important for microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions. Here, we studied the production of EVs by Streptococcus thermophilus 065, the protein composition of the EVs, and how the produced EVs impact the immune response in vitro. Cultures of S. thermophilus grown for 6 h at 40 °C in M17 broth with 2% lactose reached high biomass yields and a high level of EVs quantified by lipophilic fluorescent dye staining. Proteome analysis of the isolated EVs revealed a high abundance of membrane-associated binding proteins of ABC transporters, ribosomal proteins, and glycolytic enzymes. In addition, phage proteins were found to be present in the E

SUBMITTER: Ortiz Camargo AR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12405351 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature