Interfacial chemistry regulation by orbital hybridization for superior kinetics of hard carbon in an ester-based electrolyte.

ABSTRACT: Hard carbon is the most commercially viable anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), yet its application in ester-based electrolytes is hindered by sluggish interfacial ion diffusion and limited sodium nucleation kinetics. After comprehensive evaluation, an interfacial chemistry regulation strategy was proposed based on orbital hybridization between bismuth and electrolyte ions, which was realized through the introduction of ammonium bismuth citrate. The surface bismuth particles regulate the formation of a NaF-rich SEI through improved anion affinity. In collaboration with the in situ generated highly ion-conductive Na₃N, a thin, compact and homogeneous SEI was constructed to enable fast and stable interfacial Na⁺ migration kinetics. Moreover, the Bi at

SUBMITTER: Liu L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12406040 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature