Smoking Aggravates Inflammation, Fibrogenesis, Angiogenesis and Cancer Risk in Patients With Cirrhosis.

ABSTRACT:

Background and aims

Smoking induces a proinflammatory state, yet its role in advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) remains understudied. This study evaluated its impact on disease-driving mechanisms and clinical outcomes in ACLD patients.

Methods

ACLD patients undergoing hepatic venous pressure gradient measurements from 2017 to 2021 were included. The association of smoking with biomarkers of inflammation, fibrogenesis, angiogenesis and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), extrahepatic malignancies and mortality was examined.

Results

Among 339 ACLD patients (66.1% men, median age: 56.8 years, MELD: 11, HVPG: 17 mmHg), 62% (n = 210) were ever-smokers (n = 78 former, n = 132 active). Compared to never/former smokers, active smokers exhibited significantly h

SUBMITTER: Dominik N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12406090 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature