Chromogranin A and catestatin regulate pancreatic islet homeostasis, endocrine function, and neurotransmitter signaling.

ABSTRACT: Chromogranin A (CgA), a neuroendocrine pro-hormone, undergoes proteolytic cleavage to yield bioactive peptides, notably catestatin (CST) and pancreastatin (PST), which exert opposing effects on metabolic and inflammatory processes. Using CgA and CST knockout (KO) mice, this study investigated their roles in pancreatic endocrine function, morphology, neurotransmitter dynamics, and systemic glucose homeostasis. CST deficiency induced insulin resistance, altered islet architecture, and heightened catecholamine levels, whereas CgA-KO mice lacking both CST and PST exhibited improved insulin sensitivity due to absence of PST. CST suppressed gluconeogenesis and enhanced glucagon regulation, while PST promoted insulin resistance and glucose production. Spatial mass spectrometry revealed altered ne

SUBMITTER: Muntjewerff EM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12407687 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature