Kaempferol as a multifaceted immunomodulator: implications for inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer.

ABSTRACT: Kaempferol (KMF) is a dietary flavonoid exhibiting profound immunomodulatory effects across multiple immune cell populations. This review synthesizes current insights into how KMF regulates diverse immune cell populations and its therapeutic potential in inflammatory and immune-related disorders. KMF exhibits multifaceted effects on T cells. It inhibits T cell activation via suppressing various signaling pathways and calcineurin. Additionally, it regulates T cell subset balance through the modulation of different transcription factors. In natural killer (NK) cells, KMF enhances proliferation and cytotoxicity. This effect is partly mediated by gut microbiota modulation, which further boosts anti-tumor immunity. For dendritic cells (DCs), KMF shows context-dependent effects. It can promote a

SUBMITTER: Dong H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12408509 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature