Effect of spironolactone on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), including spironolactone, effectively treat resistant hypertension, reduce proteinuria and lower mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, their long-term effects in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain unclear. This study investigated spironolactone's impact on end-stage renal disease (ESRD), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), hyperkalemia and mortality in CKD patients.

Methods

This retrospective hospital-based cohort study enrolled patients with CKD stage 3-5 between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2023. The patients were classified as spironolactone users or nonusers, with each user matched to two nonusers by propensity scores. The outcomes of interest included ESRD, MACE, all

SUBMITTER: Chen TH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12409270 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature