Orthogonal design-driven <i>in situ</i> encapsulation of hyaluronic acid-poly (lactic acid) composite hydrogels: mechanically tunable dermal fillers with enhanced enzymatic resistance.

ABSTRACT: Injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) - based hydrogels face limitations in clinical longevity due to enzymatic degradation and insufficient mechanical stability. To address these challenges, this study developed a novel in situ encapsulation strategy for fabricating crosslinked HA-poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) composite hydrogels (CHPs), optimized via an L₁₆ (4³) orthogonal experimental design. Three critical parameters - PLLA loading (0-10% w/v), 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) concentration (0.5-2% w/v), and crosslinking time (8-72 h) - were systematically evaluated to balance viscoelasticity, injectability, and biocompatibility. The optimized formulation (3% PLLA, 1.0% BDDE, 48 h crosslinking) achieved a storage modulus (G') of 790 Pa, demonstra

SUBMITTER: Guo J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12409612 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature