A dual-engineered covalent organic framework with charge-oxygen synergy promotes photocatalytic dipolar [3 + 2] cycloaddition.

ABSTRACT: The photocatalytic oxidative dipolar [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction is a promising green approach for producing pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines. However, developing sustainable cycloaddition methods with heterogeneous photocatalysts is still in its infancy, largely owing to their low reactivity and photostability. Herein, we propose a charge-oxygen synergy strategy through a dual-engineered covalent organic framework (COF) by integrating π-spacers with donor-acceptor motifs to promote intermolecular cycloaddition. Systematic analyses reveal that electron-deficient thiadiazole units significantly enhance exciton dissociation efficiency, while a fully conjugated acetenyl spacer promotes spontaneous oxygen adsorption to stabilize endoperoxide intermediate species. This synergistic interpla

SUBMITTER: Liu Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12409736 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature