Reliability of Concussion Signs and Symptoms Reporting Among Former Professional American-Style Football Players.

ABSTRACT: Retrospective evaluations of repeated head injury are needed to better understand associations between head injury exposure and later-life deleterious outcomes. However, there is limited assessment of whether head injury recall assessments produce consistent measures over time, and no assessment of whether the reporting is related to current health status. The concussion signs and symptoms scale (CSS; developed for the Football Players Health Study at Harvard University) was designed to measure cumulative head injury exposure history by asking about the frequency of 10 CSS during active football play. Responses are summed with a total CSS range of 0-130. Former professional American-style football players completed the CSS at two timepoints. A subset of participants also reported on curren

SUBMITTER: Konstantinides NA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12413250 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature