Neural dynamics of proactive and reactive cognitive control in medial and lateral prefrontal cortex.

ABSTRACT: Goal-directed behavior requires adjusting cognitive control, both in preparation for and in reaction to conflict. Theta oscillations and population activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) are known to support reactive control. Here, we investigated their role in proactive control using human intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings during a Stroop task that manipulated conflict expectations. During response selection, conflict processing enhanced dlPFC beta desynchronization, dmPFC theta increases, and high-frequency activity (HFA, which indexes local population activity) in both regions. After responses, conflict suppressed theta and boosted beta rebounds in both regions. Importantly, pre-trial dmPFC theta increased when conflict was antici

SUBMITTER: Khan AU 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12414904 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature