Systematic review of PSA reference intervals in the gender diverse population with prostates.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To determine mean/median serum total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in transgender women and non-binary people with prostates (TWNBPP) who have received gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) or an orchidectomy. The secondary objective was to identify other quantitative information that influences PSA levels in this population.

Methods

Systematic review of existing publications from primary studies published in English, excluding case reports and guidelines.

Included studies

TWNBPP who have received GAHT/post-orchidectomy, without a diagnosis of prostate pathology, with recorded serum PSA levels. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched, up to July 2024.

Results

Four papers met the inclusion criteria, with 290 participants. Two papers meas

SUBMITTER: Hall R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12415315 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature