Characteristics of a tattooed population and a possible role of tattoos as a risk factor for chronic diseases: Results from the LIFE-Adult-Study.

ABSTRACT: Tattoos and permanent make-up (PMU) gain increasing popularity among the general population. There are indications that pigments or their fragments may translocate within the body, however knowledge about possible systemic adverse effects related to tattoos is very limited. We investigated the prevalence of systemic chronic health effects including cardiovascular diseases, cancer and liver toxicity and their relationship with the presence and characteristics of tattoos and PMU as part of the LIFE-Adult-study, a population-based cohort study. The control group without tattoos was from the same cohort and adjusted for confounders based on age, sex, smoking-status, body mass index, alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status. Of 4,248 participants, 7.4% (n = 320) had either a tattoo (4.7%; n

SUBMITTER: Theune LE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12419626 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature