Risk factors for advance stage cardiovascular-renal-metabolic syndrome in patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To investigate the incidence of advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and its associated risk factors in patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

This cross-sectional study enrolled 1830 T2DM patients attending Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital (July 2019-May 2025). Participants were stratified into early-onset (diagnosis age <40 years; n=509) and non-early-onset (n=1321) cohorts. Advanced CKM was defined as stages 3-4 per American Heart Association (AHA) criteria. Comparative analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling, binary logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to characterize advanced CKM distribution and determinants.

Results

Advanced CKM incidence was sig

SUBMITTER: Zhang Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12420270 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature