Green surgery: a systematic review of the environmental impact of laparotomy, laparoscopy, and robotics.

ABSTRACT: Surgery is the most energy-intensive healthcare sector, but data on the environmental impact of abdominal surgical techniques are limited. This systematic review aims to identify the most sustainable approach among open, laparoscopic, and robotic surgeries. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases (inception to March 2024) for studies on the carbon footprint of abdominal surgery, focusing on carbon dioxide equivalents (CO_2e) or CO₂ emissions. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to assess bias. (PROSPERO: 298486). Of 2155 records, eight cohort studies were included, showing low to moderate risk of bias but high heterogeneity. Two studies on hysterectomy found robotic surgery had the highest carbon footprint (12.0-40.3 kgCO_2e) co

SUBMITTER: Cunha MF 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12420719 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature