(p)ppGpp-dependent activation of gene expression during nutrient limitation.

ABSTRACT: As rapidly growing bacteria begin to exhaust nutrients, their growth rate slows, ultimately leading to stasis or quiescence. Adaptation to nutrient limitation requires widespread metabolic remodeling that leads to lower cellular energy consumption. Examples of such changes include attenuated transcription of genes encoding ribosome components, in part mediated by the phosphorylated nucleotides guanosine tetra- and penta-phosphate, collectively called (p)ppGpp. In addition, genes encoding proteins that facilitate survival during nutrient limitation exhibit increased expression. An example is the hpf gene, which encodes a broadly conserved protein responsible for protecting the ribosome from degradation under conditions limiting for ribosome synthesis. Here, we show that (p)ppGpp play

SUBMITTER: Nagarajan SN 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12421865 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature