Magnetic field-enhanced vertical integration enables embodied intelligence in untethered soft robots.

ABSTRACT: Embodied intelligence in soft robotics offers unprecedented capabilities for operating in uncertain, confined, and fragile environments that challenge conventional technologies. However, achieving true embodied intelligence-which requires continuous environmental sensing, real-time control, and autonomous decision-making-faces challenges in energy management and system integration. We developed deformation-resilient flexible batteries with enhanced performance under magnetic fields inherently present in magnetically actuated soft robots, with capacity retention after 200 cycles improved from 31.3 to 57.3%. These compliant batteries enable large-area deployment of 44.9% across the robot body, and their vertical integration with rationally designed flexible hybrid circuits minimizes addition

SUBMITTER: Li X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12422188 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature