Bone marrow-derived extracellular vesicles from multiple myeloma patients promote adaptive immune dysfunction via HLA-G, PD-1, and PD-L1.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of intercellular communication and contribute to cancer progression and immune regulation.

Methods

We characterized EVs isolated from bone marrow (BM) plasma harvested from healthy donors and patients affected by Multiple Myeloma (MM) by Nano Tracking Analysis and by flow cytometry.

Results

EVs from MM patients were significantly more abundant and enriched in CD138, supporting their partial origin from malignant plasma cells, with additional input from BM resident cells, including monocytes and NK cells. Phenotypic profiling revealed increased expression of immune checkpoint molecules HLA-G, PD-1, and PD-L1 on MM-derived EVs compared to healthy controls. Functionally, MM-EVs suppressed Staphylococcal ent

SUBMITTER: Soncini D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12422937 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature