Comparative effectiveness of physical training modalities on swimming performance: a two-tier network meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different physical training environments and modalities on swimming performance and sport-specific skills in competitive swimmers using a two-tier network meta-analysis.

Methods

A systematic search of six databases identified 36 randomized controlled trials involving 844 competitive swimmers. A first-tier network meta-analysis compared aquatic, dry-land, and combined training environments across performance outcomes (25 m, 50 m, 100 m, 200 m times) and sport-specific metrics (start time, turn time, swim velocity, stroke rate, stroke length). A second-tier analysis further examined specific training modalities within combined and dry-land categories. Mean differences (MD) and standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% c

SUBMITTER: Wang Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12423047 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature