Predictors of risk of secondary progression in multiple sclerosis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) manifests clinically as relapsing disease (relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)), progressive disease, or as combination of these phenotypes. The underlying pathology for relapses and focal inflammatory activity is driven by adaptive immune cells, whereas brain-compartmentalized pathology promoted by innate immune cell activation likely contributes to progression.

Objectives

To explore the usability of various imaging and soluble biomarkers in predicting change in clinical phenotype from RRMS to secondary progressive MS (SPMS).

Design

Prospective longitudinal study.

Methods

Twenty-three RRMS patients aged 40-50 years had clinical evaluation, brain MR imaging, serum neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) measur

SUBMITTER: Laaksonen S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12423534 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature