PlantCAD2: A Long-Context DNA Language Model for Cross-Species Functional Annotation in Angiosperms.

ABSTRACT: Understanding how DNA sequence encodes biological function remains a fundamental challenge in biology. Flowering plants (angiosperms), the dominant terrestrial clade, exhibit maximal biochemical complexity, extraordinary species diversity (over 100,000 species), relatively recent origins (~160 million years), ~200-fold variation in genome size and relative compact coding regions compared with other eukaryotes. These features present both a unique challenge and opportunity for pre-training DNA language models to understand plant-specific evolutionary conservation, regulatory architectures and genomic functions. Here, we introduce PlantCAD2, a long-context, plant-specific DNA language model with single-nucleotide resolution, pre-trained on 65 angiosperm genomes, together with a series of pub

SUBMITTER: Zhai J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12425018 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature