Spatial patterns of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis in north-eastern Peninsular Malaysia, 2016-2023.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Leptospirosis presents significant public health challenges in endemic regions such as north-eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Spatial analysis is essential for visualising disease incidence and distribution, assessing vulnerability based on geographical and socioeconomic factors, and ultimately informing targeted interventions, optimising resource allocation, and enhancing surveillance strategies. This study aimed to determine the incidence and characterise the spatial distribution of leptospirosis in Kelantan, Malaysia.

Methods

All laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis cases reported in Kelantan between 2016 and 2023 were extracted from the Communicable Disease Control Information System e-Notifikasi online database. Spatial analyses were performed using the spatstat, s

SUBMITTER: Mohd Hatta H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12425861 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature