Joint Associations of Frailty and Cardiometabolic Diseases With Risk of All-Cause and Cardiac Mortality.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are common for middle-aged and older adults. Whether frailty exacerbates CMD-related risk of mortality outcomes is unclear.

Objectives

The authors sought to investigate the joint associations of frailty and CMDs with mortality risk.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 467,406 participants from UK biobank. Frailty was assessed using frailty phenotype and frailty index (FI). CMD status was defined as no CMD, single CMD, and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM, coexistence of ≥2 CMDs). Multiplicative and additive interactions between frailty and CMDs two exposures on all-cause and cardiac mortality were examined, and then the joint association of coexisting frailty and CMDs with outcomes were estimated.

Results

SUBMITTER: Zhu C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12426639 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature