Rapid Activation of 3D-Printed Carbon Electrodes by Atmospheric Air Plasma: Toward Electrochemical Drug Analysis.

ABSTRACT: This study presents a rapid, environmentally friendly, and scalable activation method for 3D-printed poly-(lactic acid)/carbon black (PLA/CB) electrodes using atmospheric air plasma under ambient conditions. The goal was to optimize the plasma activation time and compare its efficiency with conventional activation techniques using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Surface morphology, chemical composition, wettability, and electrochemical performance were systematically evaluated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, XPS, contact angle measurements, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Plasma treatment, as short as 5 s, effectively removed the PLA matrix from the electrode surface, enhanced

SUBMITTER: Kovac M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12427132 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature