Hemoparasites in Wild Birds: A Systematic Review of Their Ecology and Clinical Implications.

ABSTRACT: Hemoparasites are blood-borne parasites transmitted by vectors and are commonly found in wild birds worldwide. The most frequently reported genera include Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Trypanosoma, while filarial worms and other hemoparasites are less frequently reported. Despite their importance, knowledge of their effects on the health of wild birds remains limited. This systematic review summarizes all scientific findings on hemoparasites in wild birds, emphasizing their implications for host health. The literature reveals a high number of articles in this area in recent decades, reflecting a growing concern about hemoparasites in wildlife and their ecological impact. However, studies remain unevenly distributed across regions and bird taxa. Di

SUBMITTER: Alvarado-Piqueras A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12427399 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature