Insights into Microbial and Metabolite Profiles in Traditional Northern Thai Fermented Soybean (Tuanao) Fermentation Through Metagenomics and Metabolomics.

ABSTRACT: Tuanao, a traditional Northern Thai fermented soybean product, was profiled with an integrated multi-omics workflow to clarify how microbes and metabolites co-evolve during household fermentation. Soybeans were fermented spontaneously for three days; samples from four time points were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics alongside 1H-NMR and UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS metabolomics. Bacillus spp. (phylum Bacilliota) quickly supplanted early Enterobacterales and dominated the mature microbiome. The rise of Bacillus coincided with genes for peptide and carbohydrate utilization and with the accumulation of acetate, free amino acids (glutamine, leucine, alanine, valine) and diverse oligopeptides, whereas citrate and glucose-1-phosphate were depleted. This Bacillus-linked metabolic sh

SUBMITTER: Dissook S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12428203 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature