Residues of Priority Organic Micropollutants in <i>Eruca vesicaria</i> (Rocket) Irrigated by Reclaimed Wastewater: Optimization of a QuEChERS SPME-GC/MS Protocol and Risk Assessment.

ABSTRACT: The increasing use of reclaimed wastewater in agriculture raises growing concerns about the accumulation of priority organic micropollutants in edible crops. In this study, we developed and validated a novel QuEChERS-SPME-GC/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 3 nitro-PAHs, and 14 polychlorinated biphenyls congeners in Eruca vesicaria (rocket) leaves. The method was optimized to address the matrix complexity of leafy vegetables and included a two-step dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) cleanup and aqueous dilution prior to SPME. Validation showed excellent performance, with MDLs between 0.1 and 6.7 µg/kg, recoveries generally between 70 and 120%, and precision (RSD%) below 20%. The greenness of the protocol was assessed

SUBMITTER: Rivoira L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12428525 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature