Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Tissue Biomarkers in Urothelial Carcinoma In Situ: A Narrative Review.

ABSTRACT: Urothelial carcinoma in situ (UCIS) is a high-grade non-muscle-invasive neoplasm with significant clinical implications due to its potential for progression to muscle-invasive disease. Accurate diagnosis and risk stratification are crucial for appropriate management, particularly given the variability in response to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy. While the diagnosis of UCIS primarily relies on morphological criteria, immunohistochemical (IHC) markers serve as valuable ancillary tools, particularly in challenging cases. Markers such as CK20, CD44, p53, and Ki-67 have been extensively studied, though none demonstrate complete sensitivity or specificity. Additionally, molecular classification has identified luminal and basal subtypes, with potential prognostic and therap

SUBMITTER: Sanguedolce F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12428764 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature