Exploring the Lifestyle and Dietary Patterns of Food Supplement and Non-Food Supplement Users: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Portuguese Population.

ABSTRACT: Background: The increasing use of food supplements (FSs) and the knowledge gaps among healthcare professionals (HPs) and non-healthcare professionals (nHPs) in Portugal regarding their influence on dietary patterns and health need investigating. This study aimed to explore FS users' lifestyle and dietary patterns, identifying differences and how professional background influences these patterns. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1122 Portuguese adults aged 35 ± 14.0 yrs (between 18 and 85), via snowball sampling, collecting data on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, FS use, and health attitudes. Cluster analysis (k-means) revealed four patterns: (1) professional supplement users with a healthy diet (PSHD), (2) professional non-supplement us

SUBMITTER: Campos MJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12430018 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature